Is your company network using virtual My Documents folders or roaming user profiles? If so, that might be the cause of the issue if there has been a change to the location of your My Documents folder. Have you recently moved location in the company?
Since you are unable to open Captivate there's no way to find out where your current Default Locations are. These are shown on the Preferences > General section.
Perhaps one of the Adobe reps on this forum can tell you how to find the Captivate log file that will hopefully show where the launch has failed. In the meantime, contact your IT department, have them remote into your PC and try to launch Captivate using Administrator privileges under their IT admin profile. If the issue is related to privileges, then they should be able to open it. If they can, then try and see what the Default Locations are (as mentioned above). If the default locations are NOT on your hard drive, then change them immediately while the Admin is logged in.